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2026-01-15

Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwi-3D printing optimization kunye nokulungiswa kweziphene, masiqale sicacise iinkcazo zeeparameter eziphambili ezinxulumene nobushushu, isantya, kunye ne-extrusion.

Okukhankanywa rhoqo ubushushu bokuprinta ibhekisa kubushushu bebhloko yokufudumeza yeprinta (iyunithi: °C), ngelixa isantya sokuprinta sisantya sokuhamba kwentloko yoshicilelo ngexesha lokuprinta (iyunithi: mm/s). Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izalathisi ezimbini ezisebenzayo zokuprinta ngokwenene zezi ubushushu bokukhupha (ubushushu bokwenyani beplastiki njengoko iphuma empumlweni) kunye izinga lokukhupha (isantya somthamo weplastiki ecinyiweyo, iyunithi: mm³/s).

Ukulungisa ezi mpawu zimbini ziphambili kulula: Ukunyusa ubushushu be-extrusion, unganyusa ubushushu be-heating block, unciphise isantya sokuprinta, unciphise ukuphakama kwe-layer, okanye wandise igumbi lokufudumeza le-nozzle. Ukunciphisa izinga le-extrusion, nciphisa isantya sokuprinta, unciphise ukuphakama kwe-layer, okanye unciphise ubukhulu be-extrusion.

Kwiprinta ye-FDM 3D, ukugoba yingxaki eqhelekileyo—amalungu anokuphakama emaphethelweni ukusuka kwipleyiti yokwakha okanye ade aguquguquke ngokupheleleyo. Unobangela oyintloko kukuqokelelana koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwinxalenye ngexesha lokuprinta.

Akukho sigqibo sipheleleyo malunga nendlela uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluvela ngayo kushishino, kodwa ingqiqo ngokubanzi iyasebenza kuzo zonke iiprinta ze-FDM: Xa izinto zepolymer zinyanzelwa ukuba zidlule kwi-nozzle orifice encinci, ii-molecular chain zazo ziyanwebeka zize zingene kwimeko "eqinileyo" exinezelekileyo. Iplastiki enyibilikisiweyo inamathela kwi-build plate okanye kwi-layer esele iprintiwe kwaye iphole. Uxinzelelo lukhutshwa kancinci ngeli xesha lenkqubo. Ukuba ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu ukuba ii-molecular chain zihambe ngokukhululekileyo kwaye zikhulule uxinzelelo, okanye ukuba ukunamathelana phakathi kwee-layer (okanye phakathi kwenxalenye ne-plate) kubuthathaka, uxinzelelo oluqokelelweyo luya kubangela ukuba inxalenye iguquke.

Xa inxalenye ijika okanye iqhekeka, oko kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ludlule amandla okubopha phakathi kweeleya okanye ukunamathela kwenxalenye kwipleyiti. Ukuqonda lo mgaqo kusenza sikwazi ukusombulula ukujika ngeendlela ezintathu ezibalulekileyo.

1. Nika Ubushushu Obufanelekileyo Ukuze Ukhulule Uxinzelelo Olupheleleyo

Emva kokukhupha, izinto ziyaphola ukusuka kubushushu obuphezulu ukuya ngaphantsi kobushushu bokutshintsha kweglasi (Tg), kwaye uninzi loxinzelelo luyakhululwa xa ubushushu bungaphezulu kweTg. Ukuba ixesha lobushushu obuphezulu lifutshane kakhulu, uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo luya kuhlala kwinxalenye. Ukwandisa eli xesha kunciphisa ukugoba, kwaye nantsi indlela:

Yongeza ubushushu be-extrusion ukuze wandise ixesha elithathwayo ukuze i-melt iphole iye kwi-Tg;
Nyusa ubushushu begumbi okanye ubushushu begumbi leprinta ukuze unciphise ukupholisa;
Nciphisa amandla efeni yokupholisa ukuze uphephe ukupholisa izinto ngokukhawuleza.

2. Yandisa ukunamathela ukuze uxhathise ukutsalwa luxinzelelo

Uxinzelelo ludla ngokwahlula iileya okanye ukuphakamisa inxalenye kwipleyiti. Ukunamathela okuqinileyo kunokumelana nolu xinzelelo, okuvumela inxalenye ukuba ikhulule uxinzelelo ngaphandle kokuguquka.

Ukuze uphucule ukunamathelana kwepleyiti yokwakha, khetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zepleyiti okanye ufake i-adhesive coating ekhethekileyo. Ukunamathelana kwe-interlayer kuxhomekeke kwi-polymer molecular chains ezivela kwi-layers ezikufutshane "ezidibanisa" omnye komnye—oku kwenzeka kuphela xa zombini ii-layers zingaphezulu kwe-Tg kwaye ii-molecular chains zazo zinokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukwandisa ixesha lobushushu obuphezulu kukwaphucula ukunamathelana kwe-interlayer (okuhambelana nendlela yokuqala). Ukongeza, ukwandisa ububanzi be-extrusion ukwandisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwee-layers kuqinisa ukunamathelana kwe-interlayer.

3. Nciphisa Ukuveliswa Koxinzelelo Kumthombo

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusombulula ingxaki kukujongana nonobangela wayo. Uxinzelelo lwenzeka xa imixokelelwane yeemolekyuli inwebeka njengoko izinto zidlula kwimpumlo. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, nciphisa olu nwebeka ngokuthi:

Ukusebenzisa umlomo onombobo omkhulu;
Ukunciphisa izinga lokukhupha;
Ukunyusa ubushushu bokuprinta ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxinana kwezinto;
Ukugquma udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-nozzle ngomaleko ongaphantsi ukuze izinto zihambe kakuhle.